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Should we prioritize Care...
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The High Frontier: An Eas...
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Finances
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Is there a way to build a...
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Hello --- Orbital transfe...
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musings about a far-futur...
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Artificial Skylight
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hello |
Posted by: davedietzler@att.net - 10-16-2016, 01:26 PM - Forum: Welcome
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Hello, Joe's page about living among the Centaurs was really great.....
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living among the centaurs |
Posted by: JoeStrout - 10-07-2016, 10:07 AM - Forum: Real Space
- Replies (7)
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Recently I've been working on adding the outer solar system to High Frontier. That, along with this recent news story, has got me thinking about a population of minor planets in the outer solar system known as centaurs.
Centaurs are small bodies that orbit somewhere out between Jupiter and Neptune. But they're not that small; the largest known, Chariklo, has a diameter of about 250 km. Many centaurs (including Chariklo) have a system of rings, as shown in this artist's concept.
What really struck me this week is how many centaurs there are. Check out this map of the outer solar system. Only known objects are plotted on the map, but the estimated total number of objects is shown in in the key below.
That's right -- there are an estimated 44 thousand centaurs at least 1 km in diameter. They're a very interesting and diverse bunch of objects too, with characteristics of both comets and asteroids, and a variety of colors that suggest complex composition. In short, they look like great places to build space colonies and make a home.
So how many people could do that? Let's run some numbers.
First, since most of the centaurs are still unknown, let's estimate how many there are of various sizes. Like most things in nature, they probably follow a power law, with many more small objects than large ones. Here's a possible distribution that totals about 44,000 objects. (Note that quantity is a log scale.)
Now, doing some simple geometry, approximating each object as a sphere and assuming a typical density of 2 gm/cm^3, here's a table showing volume and mass.
6.6x10^22 sounds like a lot of mass, and it is. It's about the same mass as our Moon. But unlike the Moon, this mass is distributed in convenient, bite-sized pieces, most of them only a few kilometers in diameter. Also unlike the Moon, this mass is rich in volatiles like water, as well as heavier stuff (carbon, iron, titanium, etc.) for building with. For an experienced spacefaring civilization (say, us a thousand or so years from now), these centaurs would be very accessible sources of material for turning into deep-space colonies.
While those colonies will no doubt come in an amazing variety of shapes and sizes, for the sake of argument, let's suppose they look like this.
This is a cylinder 1 km in radius and 1 km long, with inverted endcaps for stability. It rotates at a little under 1 RPM, producing Earth-like gravity for 6.3 km^2 of living area inside. At a population density of 1500 people per km -- comparable to a typical American small town -- each habitat would house about 10,000 people. Power is provided by a nuclear (fission or fusion) plant on the other end, not visible in this view. The mass of this habitat works out to 150 Mt (1.5x10^11 kg).
So, assuming only half the mass of each centaur is useful for building, and plugging that back into our table, what do we get?
Yep, that's right. We're looking at over 200 million habitats, housing 2 quadrillion people, all living comfortably in small towns of 10,000 people each. The total area of these habitats is nearly 3000 times the surface area of Earth, including the oceans. If you compare to just the land area of Earth, it's nearly 10,000 times greater.
And this is just the centaurs. There are other many collections of useful stuff in the solar system, including the main asteroid belt, the trojan asteroids co-orbiting with each of the gas giants, the Kuiper belt, and eventually the Oort cloud.
The solar system is friggin' huge.
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Congrats to Blue Origin on another successful test! |
Posted by: JoeStrout - 10-05-2016, 09:01 AM - Forum: Real Space
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Blue Origin just now conducted another New Shepard test flight — the fifth flight for this booster (something that would have been ridiculous to say a few years ago!).
In this flight, they purposely triggered the launch abort system about 45 seconds into the flight, at the point of maximum dynamic pressure (i.e. just about the worst possible time to do it). Everything performed flawlessly — the capsule blasted its way well clear of the booster, and the booster handled the extra stress without breaking a sweat. The capsule parachuted down to a gentle landing, and the booster continued on up to the edge of space, and then came back down, and landed propulsively right on target.
I know this is just a suborbital hop, and I'm eager to see the much bigger New Glenn start flying soon. But still, in Blue Origin's slow, methodical way, they are making steady progress towards safe, reliable, repeatable flight into space. In a few years they will be real competition for SpaceX.
Congratulations, Blue Origin!
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Blue Origin and SpaceX news at IAC |
Posted by: JoeStrout - 09-27-2016, 11:26 AM - Forum: Real Space
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Man, it's hard to concentrate today.
Rob Myerson, president of Blue Origin, just gave a talk this morning at IAC 2016 (Internatinoal Astronautical Congress) in Guadalejara. There wasn't a lot of new news there, except that it's clear Blue Origin has its eye on the big picture: the Moon, Mars, and "millions of people living and working in space" (which is long the mantra of orbital space settlement enthusiasts). See Alan Boyle's report for more.
And now, in about 5 minutes, Elon Musk is going to start his presentation, "Making Humans a Multiplanetary Species." It's widely reported that he will provide details on his plan to settle Mars, including routine flights ferrying 100 tons (or 100 colonists) every 2 years. Supposedly this will be live streamed, though since early this morning, the stream has shown me nothing but an animated logo. (Edit: but it's also available on SpaceX's website here.)
So, yeah... it's a bit hard to focus today.
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ball falling in a space colony |
Posted by: JoeStrout - 09-18-2016, 09:17 PM - Forum: Real Space
- Replies (5)
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I was playing around this evening with simulating actual physics in a realistic space colony. (No, this isn't something that's going to go into High Frontier. It's the weekend, cut me some slack!)
Here's my first ever virtual space colony "ball drop" experiment. The little yellow sphere starts out 6 meters above the deck, initially stationary with respect to the rotating colony. (Imagine it's being held by somebody on a platform, though that somebody, and the platform itself, are invisible.) Then we drop it, much like Galileo dropping stones from the Leaning Tower of Pisa. But we get a behavior that Galileo never saw:
The camera here is lined up for optimal viewing of that slight pull to the left. In reality, of course, there is no pull to the left... the ball is traveling in a straight line, at a constant velocity from the moment it was released, and the colony is rotating around it.
Details for the curious: the deck here has a 224-m radius and spins at 2 RPM, simulating 1G. The white ceiling at the top of the view is about 130 m up. Those deck plates are 2 m squares, though unfortunately they don't line up perfectly with the ball's starting position — but if you can detect a slight bend in the plating, that does align with where the ball starts. So the ball's apparent sideways motion is about a meter or so, over a 6 meter drop.
The physics simulation here is pretty simple. On each physics timestep, we apply the ball's true (Newtonian) velocity to its position. Then we account for how much the colony rotates around the ball. But, for computational efficiency, we do this backwards: the colony stays put, so we counter-rotate the ball position and velocity by the same amount. That's it.
Finally, note that there is no air here; the ball is falling as in a vacuum. In a real colony, of course, air would apply a force in the direction of the colony's spin, reducing this Coliolis effect by some amount that depends on the aerodynamics of the object.
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non-regular shapes |
Posted by: Darkvortex87 - 09-16-2016, 12:00 AM - Forum: Suggestions & Feedback
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I was thinking that perhaps the best shape for an habitat is not supposed to be a circle.
For example in a thorus habitat the G at the bottom of the thorus would be different from the G experienced near the side, due to the difference of radius.
Even a 0.01G difference could provoke weird feelings to the peoples (a 100kg person would "lose" 1kg basically walking a couple hundreds meter) and/or structural problems to large buildings.
It would be cool if we could "draw" the section of an habitat, even just by a drawing in 2d using differently coloured straight lines.
Each colour would represent a different "material" for the wall/floor. for example, brown for soil, grey for steel/structural element, blue for windows.
then the software could check if the drawing is a closed form and create the solid simply by making a 360° turn of the 2d form.
the "G" indicator will need to be only calculated on "soil" level.
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